1.What is computing?
Computing is usually defined as the activity of using and improving computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
The term "computing" has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 ACM report on Computing as a Discipline[2]:
The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is "What can be (efficiently) automated?"
Computing Curricula 2005[1] also recognizes that the meaning of "computing" depends on the context:
Computing also has other meanings that are more specific, based on the context in which the term is used. For example, an information systems specialist will view computing somewhat differently from a software engineer. Regardless of the context, doing computing well can be complicated and difficult. Because society needs people to do computing well, we must think of computing not only as a profession but also as a discipline.
The term "computing" is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to mechanical computing machines.
A computer is a machine that reads, stores, manipulates and displays data. The most common example are the various personal computers. Other common examples include: mobile phones, mp3 players, or video game consoles.
2. What is the definition and classification of ‘industry’?
• The production side of business activity is referred as industry. It is a business activity, which is related to the raising, producing, processing or manufacturing of products.
• The products are consumer's goods as well as producer's goods. Consumer goods are goods, which are used finally by consumers. E.g. Food grains, textiles, cosmetics, VCR, etc. Producer's goods are the goods used by manufacturers for producing some other goods. E.g. Machinery, tools, equipments, etc.
• Expansion of trade and commerce depends on industrial growth. It represents the supply side of market.
Classification / Types of Industries ↓
There are various types of industries. These are mentioned as follows :-
1. Primary Industry
Primary industry is concerned with production of goods with the help of nature. It is a nature-oriented industry, which requires very little human effort. E.g. Agriculture, farming, forestry, fishing, horticulture, etc.
2. Genetic Industry
Genetic industries are engaged in re-production and multiplication of certain spices of plants and animals with the object of sale. The main aim is to earn profit from such sale. E.g. plant nurseries, cattle rearing, poultry, cattle breeding, etc.
3. Extractive Industry
Extractive industry is concerned with extraction or drawing out goods from the soil, air or water. Generally products of extractive industries come in raw form and they are used by manufacturing and construction industries for producing finished products. E.g. mining industry, coal mineral, oil industry, iron ore, extraction of timber and rubber from forests, etc.
4. Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing industries are engaged in transforming raw material into finished product with the help of machines and manpower. The finished goods can be either consumer goods or producer goods. E.g. textiles, chemicals, sugar industry, paper industry, etc.
5. Construction Industry
Construction industries take up the work of construction of buildings, bridges, roads, dams, canals, etc. This industry is different from all other types of industry because in case of other industries goods can be produced at one place and sold at another place. But goods produced and sold by constructive industry are erected at one place.
6. Service Industry
In modern times service sector plays an important role in the development of the nation and therefore it is named as service industry. The main industries, which fall under this category, include hotel industry, tourism industry, entertainment industry, etc.
3. What is ‘Industrial Computing’? Give an definition and examples to
support your definition.
Computers have become a most important part of daily living. Most residences make use of them the way several industries do. An industrial computer server’s different application depending on the particular business making use of the system. This type of computer ably renders its specific purpose. Building automation solutions provide cost savings as it gears toward energy efficiency. The most common examples of facilities operated through the aid of an industrial computer are energy management systems, lighting control systems and facility monitoring systems. Industrial computers in this sense help provide wired or wireless communication networks to several industries. Under this system, services are customized with the help of the expertise of professionals. Furthermore, mission-oriented endeavors are critically met. Every business enjoys the existence of these systems.An industrial computer may also be used for transportation and machine automation. It is also helpful in the fields of medicine, power and energy and mobile resource management. In some cases, retail and real estate industries seek help from this equipment.
4. What is the relevancy of TR1323 to the ‘industrial computing’? Give examples.
The significance of calculus to the studies of Computer Industry students is to practice them to be creative in problem solving. Student will encounter many problems and solve with creativity and critical thinking. To explain the concept of calculus, algorithm and program are example of computers’ term used in Calculus.Computers are also used to do calculus projects. The procedure for convergence and divergence of infinite series is given in algorithmic manner using a flowchart. Moreover,students with computers skills in programming will be more interested in inserting algorithm in a program. Many equations can be done by computer programs. Numerical treatment of Ordinary Differential Equations and Partial Differential Equations are both major mathematicians and computer scientists’ great works.
Mathematics is one of the oldest and most fundamental sciences. Mathematicians use mathematical theory, computational techniques, algorithms, and the latest computer technology to solve economic, scientific, engineering, physics, and business problems.
Applied mathematicians use theories and techniques, such as mathematical modeling and computational methods, to formulate and solve practical problems in business, government, engineering, and the physical, life, and social sciences. For example, they may analyze the most efficient way to schedule airline routes between cities, the effects and safety of new drugs, the aerodynamic characteristics of an experimental automobile, or the cost-effectiveness of alternative manufacturing processes.
Many of the contributions and uses of mathematics are closely related to the need for mathematical modeling and simulation of physical phenomena on the computer. In addition, the analysis and control of processes, and optimization and scheduling of resources use significant mathematics. For example, the finance industry uses sophisticated mathematical models for pricing of securities, while the petroleum industry models the flow of oil in underground rock formations to help in oil recovery. Image processing, whether producing clear pictures from satellite imagery or making medical images (CAT, MRI) to detect and diagnose, all use significant mathematics. Industrial design, whether structural components for airplanes or automobile parts, uses a tremendous amount of mathematical modeling; much of which is embodied in CAD/CAM computer software. Such techniques were used in the design of the Boeing 777, as well as in the design of automobiles. Computational modeling is also used in airplane and automobile design to analyze the flow of air over vehicles to determine fuel economy and efficiency.
The use of mathematical formula, limits for an example is used in the audio processing. If we plot the wave form, we can see the spike up and down continuously until the end of the sound even though we are zooming it to the maximum. But it still can be plotted. Thanks to the limit theorem. The limit theorem plays an important role in the making of software that involve graph plotting.
The other example is in the industry of circuit making. Using methods such as linear programming and lagrangian relaxation to solve continuous domain, it is much easier to place routing wires and gates if we do it continuously. This has enable us to create such a small integrated circuit so we can fit it into embedded systems. The use of mathematics is pervasive in modern industry. The result is that mathematicians are found in almost every sector of the job market, including engineering research, telecommunications, computer services and software, energy systems, computer manufacturers, aerospace and automotive, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and government laboratories, among others.
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